91 Launch Vehicles & Propulsion companies in United States
Space Atlas lists 91 organisations in United States working in launch vehicles & propulsion: 39 private companies, 27 startups, 13 spaceport/launch sites, 6 academic institutions, 4 government agencies, 1 testing facility, 1 research institution. That is 17% of the 526 space organisations in United States and 26% of the 348 in this sector worldwide. Most are based in Long Beach (5), Huntsville (4), Mojave (4).
Private Company (39)
- Ad Astra Rocket Company · Private Company · Webster
American plasma propulsion developer — builds the VASIMR variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket near NASA Johnson Space Center.
- Anduril Industries · Private Company · Costa Mesa
Develops autonomous systems for all domains including space — builds AI-powered autonomous vehicles, rocket motors and software for national security and allied defence missions.
- Astra · Private Company · Alameda
American launch and spacecraft propulsion company — develops the Rocket 4 small launcher and builds Astra Spacecraft Engines electric thrusters.
- Blue Origin · Private Company · Kent
Develops reusable rockets and space vehicles to enable a future where millions live and work in space.
- bluShift Aerospace · Private Company · Brunswick
Maine launch company — develops bio-derived hybrid rocket engines and suborbital/small-satellite launch vehicles.
- Boeing Defense, Space & Security · Private Company · Arlington
Develops launch systems, satellites and crewed spacecraft for government and commercial customers.
- Busek Co. Inc. · Private Company · Natick
American spacecraft propulsion manufacturer — builds Hall effect, electrospray, RF ion and green monopropellant thrusters, incl. for NASA Gateway's PPE.
- Celestis Memorial Spaceflights · Private Company · Houston
American memorial spaceflight company — flies symbolic portions of cremated remains and DNA to Earth orbit, the Moon and deep space on rideshare launches.
- CU Aerospace · Private Company · Champaign
Illinois aerospace R&D firm — develops CubeSat propulsion systems, plasma thrusters and aerospace technologies.
- Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense (EBAD) · Private Company · Simsbury
Connecticut energetics manufacturer — supplies pyrotechnic separation systems, release mechanisms and ordnance for launch vehicles and spacecraft.
- EXOS Aerospace · Private Company · Greenville
Texas launch company — FAA-licensed operator of reusable suborbital rockets providing flight-test services for payloads, propulsion and reentry technologies.
- ExoTerra Resource · Private Company · Littleton
American electric propulsion maker — designs and produces Halo Hall-effect thruster modules for small satellites, including DARPA Blackjack spacecraft.
- Firefly Aerospace · Private Company · Cedar Park
Develops small- to medium-lift launch vehicles, lunar landers and space tugs — operates the Alpha rocket, Blue Ghost lunar lander and Elytra space tug for government and commerc…
- IN Space LLC · Private Company · Lafayette
Indiana propulsion R&D firm — researches, develops and tests advanced rocket propulsion technologies for space exploration, commercial space and defence.
- Infinite Composites · Private Company · Tulsa
Oklahoma composites manufacturer — produces linerless Type V composite pressure vessels used for satellite and launch vehicle propellants.
- Interorbital Systems · Private Company · Mojave
US launch vehicle developer — designs modular NEPTUNE rockets and CubeSat/TubeSat kits, based at the Mojave Air and Space Port.
- Kratos Defense & Security Solutions · Private Company · San Diego
American defence contractor — supplies satellite ground systems, command-and-control software, RF products and propulsion alongside drones and missiles.
- Leidos · Private Company · Reston
US defence, intelligence and civil technology contractor headquartered in Reston — owns Dynetics, which builds space launch hardware and lunar systems in Huntsville.
- Microcosm · Private Company · Torrance
US space engineering company — develops low-cost launch vehicle technology and space mission engineering, known for the SMAD mission design references.
- Momentus Space · Private Company · San Jose
Provides in-space transportation and services — operates the Vigoride orbital transfer vehicle for last-mile satellite delivery, hosted payloads and in-space demonstration missi…
- Moog Inc. (Space and Defense Group) · Private Company · East Aurora
American motion-control manufacturer — its Space and Defense group builds spacecraft propulsion, avionics, buses and launch vehicle actuation systems.
- Northrop Grumman · Private Company · Falls Church
Global aerospace, defence and space technology company delivering advanced systems and solutions.
- Plasma Processes · Private Company · Huntsville
Huntsville materials company — produces refractory coatings, components and propulsion parts for space and defence applications.
- Princeton Satellite Systems (PSS) · Private Company · Plainsboro
New Jersey aerospace engineering firm — develops spacecraft guidance and control software, simulation tools and fusion propulsion concepts.
- Rocket Lab · Private Company · Long Beach
Delivering frequent, reliable launch services and spacecraft solutions to make space more accessible for all.
- RocketStar · Private Company · New York
New York propulsion company — develops pulsed plasma electric propulsion (FireStar Drive) for spacecraft.
- RTX Corporation (Raytheon) · Private Company · Arlington
Global aerospace and defense conglomerate — provides space-based sensors, missile defense systems, satellite intelligence and propulsion via Collins Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney a…
- Scaled Composites · Private Company · Mojave
US aerospace prototyping company in Mojave — designs, builds and tests experimental air and space vehicles, including the SpaceShipOne heritage.
- SpaceWorks Enterprises · Private Company · Atlanta
Provides aerospace engineering, market research, advanced concept development and innovative flight hardware — specialises in small satellite systems, propulsion and hypersonic …
- SpaceX · Private Company · Hawthorne
Designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft to revolutionise access to space.
- Starfighters Space, Inc. · Private Company · Kennedy Space Center
American air-launch company — operates a fleet of F-104 jets from Kennedy Space Center to develop low-cost launch of small satellites and payloads.
- Stratolaunch · Private Company · Mojave
Advances high-speed technology through design, manufacturing and operation of hypersonic aerospace vehicles — operates the world's largest aircraft (Roc) and Talon-A hypersonic …
- TriSept Corporation · Private Company · Chantilly
Virginia space services firm — provides launch integration, rideshare brokering and mission support for satellite missions.
- ULA (United Launch Alliance) · Private Company · Decatur
Provides reliable, affordable access to space for US government and commercial missions.
- Ultramet · Private Company · Pacoima
US advanced-materials R&D company in Pacoima — develops refractory coatings, foams and propulsion components for liquid and solid rocket engines.
- UP Aerospace · Private Company · Denver
US suborbital launch provider — operates the SpaceLoft sounding rocket for NASA and defence payloads from Spaceport America, with HQ in Denver.
- Ursa Major Technologies · Private Company · Berthoud
Develops flight-proven liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems for space launch, hypersonics and space mobility — builds the Hadley, Ripley and Arroway engines for next-gener…
- VACCO Industries · Private Company · South El Monte
US maker of specialty valves, filters and propulsion systems — supplies space propulsion hardware including CubeSat propulsion units; part of RBC Bearings.
- Virgin Galactic · Private Company · Truth or Consequences
Pioneering commercial human spaceflight with reusable spaceplane technology.
Startup (27)
- Agile Space Industries · Startup · Durango
Develops hypergolic in-space propulsion systems for small satellites, lunar landers and orbital transfer vehicles — provides flight-proven, non-toxic storable propellant thruste…
- ATRX · Startup · Huntsville
Huntsville startup developing runway-launched reusable space planes powered by an Air Turbo Rocket engine; Techstars Space 2024 graduate.
- Auriga Space · Startup · Long Beach
American launch startup in Long Beach — developing an electromagnetic launch system to accelerate payloads toward orbit without rocket first stages.
- Benchmark Space Systems · Startup · Burlington
Full life-cycle in-space mobility provider — develops green chemical, electric and hybrid propulsion systems for CubeSats through ESPA-class spacecraft in LEO, GEO and beyond.
- Cowboy Space Corporation · Startup · San Carlos
US space startup (formerly Aetherflux) — develops orbital data centres for AI and associated launch capability, evolving from its space-based solar power origins.
- Evolution Space · Startup · Tampa
American launch startup — develops and manufactures low-part-count solid rocket motors and suborbital vehicles for hypersonic testing and research.
- Frontier Aerospace · Startup · Moorpark
Develops low-cost, high-performance propulsion systems for lunar landers, orbital transfer vehicles and deep space missions — produces monopropellant and bipropellant thrusters …
- General Galactic · Startup · El Segundo
US propulsion startup — develops Genesis, a water-electrolysis engine with chemical and electric modes, and a water-fuelled demonstration spacecraft.
- Helicity Space · Startup · Pasadena
American propulsion startup — develops the Helicity Drive, a magneto-inertial fusion propulsion concept for fast deep-space transportation.
- Impulse Space · Startup · Redondo Beach
Develops in-space transportation vehicles for the inner solar system — operates Mira (LEO tug) and Helios (deep-space tug) to deliver payloads to custom orbits beyond what launc…
- Karman Space & Defense · Startup · El Segundo
Manufactures advanced composite structures and components for space launch vehicles and satellites — produces rocket nosecones, fairings, structural assemblies and thermal prote…
- Maverick Space Systems · Startup · San Luis Obispo
American launch integration company — provides CubeSat dispensers and end-to-end rideshare and dedicated launch integration services near Vandenberg.
- Orbion Space Technology · Startup · Houghton
Michigan propulsion startup — designs and mass-produces Hall-effect plasma thruster systems for small satellites and constellations.
- Orbital Operations, Inc. · Startup · Long Beach
US startup founded by former Relativity engineers — develops Astraeus, a reusable high-thrust hydrogen-oxygen orbital vehicle for rapid space mobility.
- Outpost Space · Startup · Los Angeles
American reentry startup — develops Ferryall and Carryall return vehicles using deployable heat shields and guided paragliders for cargo return.
- Phantom Space Corporation · Startup · Tucson
Develops integrated launch vehicles, modular satellites and in-space propulsion — the Daytona rocket targets small satellite orbital launches with a turnkey space access and dat…
- Phase Four · Startup · Manhattan Beach
Develops radio frequency (RF) plasma electric propulsion systems for small satellites — the Maxwell thruster provides scalable, propellant-free in-space propulsion for LEO const…
- Portal Space Systems · Startup · Bothell
Develops the Supernova high-power solar electric orbital transfer vehicle — enables satellites to move freely across orbits for resupply, repositioning and extended mission life.
- Radian Aerospace · Startup · Bellevue
American spaceplane developer — designing Radian One, a reusable rail-launched single-stage-to-orbit vehicle for crew and cargo to low Earth orbit.
- Relativity Space · Startup · Long Beach
Pioneers 3D-printed rocket manufacturing — developing the Terran R fully reusable medium-lift launch vehicle using autonomous Stargate robotic printing for the commercial launch…
- Rocket Crafters · Startup · Titusville
Develops hybrid propulsion systems for launch vehicles — pioneers 3D-printed fuel grain technology for safer, cleaner and more affordable rocket propulsion for small satellite l…
- Rubicon Space Systems · Startup · Huntsville
American propulsion startup spun out of Plasma Processes — builds green-propellant (ASCENT) thrusters and propulsion systems for small satellites.
- SpinLaunch · Startup · Long Beach
American space company — developing kinetic centrifuge launch technology and the Meridian Space LEO broadband satellite constellation.
- Stoke Space · Startup · Kent
Developing Nova, a 100% fully reusable medium-lift orbital rocket — targets rapid turnaround between flights with an actively cooled second-stage heatshield for atmospheric reen…
- Vaya Space · Startup · Cocoa
Florida propulsion company (formerly Rocket Crafters) — develops 3D-printed hybrid rocket motors for defence and space launch.
- Venus Aerospace · Startup · Houston
Develops Mach 9 hypersonic aircraft for point-to-point travel — the Stargazer vehicle uses a rotating detonation rocket engine to enable 1-hour transpacific flights for commerci…
- X-Bow Systems · Startup · Albuquerque
American solid rocket motor manufacturer — builds solid propulsion for missiles and small launch vehicles, with production in New Mexico and Texas.
Spaceport/Launch Site (13)
- Cecil Air and Space Port (Jacksonville Aviation Authority) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Jacksonville
FAA-licensed horizontal launch spaceport at Cecil Airport, Jacksonville, Florida, operated by the Jacksonville Aviation Authority (LSO 09-012).
- Colorado Air & Space Port (CASP) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Watkins
County-owned airport near Watkins, Colorado, holding an FAA launch site operator licence (LSO 18-017) for horizontal launch and suborbital recovery.
- Exploration Spaceport (Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Titusville
FAA-licensed horizontal launch spaceport at Space Coast Regional Airport, Titusville, Florida, operated by the Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority (LSO 20-019).
- Huntsville International Air & Space Port (Huntsville-Madison County Airport Authority) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Huntsville
US commercial airport and FAA-licensed orbital reentry site (RSO 22-001, 2022) — first commercial airport approved to land returning spacecraft such as Dream Chaser.
- Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) – Virginia Spaceport Authority · Spaceport/Launch Site · Wallops Island
State-owned spaceport on Wallops Island, Virginia — operates launch pads used by Rocket Lab, Northrop Grumman and Firefly next to NASA Wallops.
- Midland International Air & Space Port (Midland Spaceport) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Midland
City of Midland airport in Texas licensed by the FAA as a horizontal launch spaceport (LSO 14-015) — first spaceport co-located with a Part 139 commercial airport.
- Mojave Air & Space Port · Spaceport/Launch Site · Mojave
FAA-licensed spaceport and airport in California's Mojave Desert — hosts flight test and rocket development firms such as Scaled Composites.
- Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority (OSIDA) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Burns Flat
Oklahoma state authority — operates the FAA-licensed Oklahoma Air & Space Port at Clinton-Sherman Airport in Burns Flat.
- Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF), Barking Sands · Spaceport/Launch Site · Kekaha
US Navy instrumented test range on Kauaʻi supporting surface, air and space operations, including sounding-rocket and orbital launch campaigns.
- Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska (Alaska Aerospace Corporation) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Kodiak
State-owned Alaskan spaceport on Kodiak Island — provides orbital and suborbital launch and missile test range services to commercial and defence users.
- Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Chatanika
High-latitude sounding rocket range north of Fairbanks, Alaska, owned by the UAF Geophysical Institute and operated under contract with NASA Wallops.
- Spaceport America (New Mexico Spaceport Authority) · Spaceport/Launch Site · Truth or Consequences
State-owned commercial spaceport in New Mexico — hosts Virgin Galactic suborbital flights and vertical launch tenants in Sierra County.
- The Spaceport Company · Spaceport/Launch Site · Woodbridge
US offshore spaceport developer — builds mobile sea-based launch and reentry platforms; flew the first commercial rocket launches from US territorial waters in the Gulf of Mexic…
Academic Institution (6)
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Academic Institution · Urbana
US university aerospace department — teaches and researches spacecraft, propulsion, small satellites and flight systems at the Grainger College of Engineering.
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology (GALCIT) · Academic Institution · Pasadena
Caltech's aerospace department (Lynn Booth & Kent Kresa Department of Aerospace) — graduate teaching and research in aeronautics and space engineering.
- Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AAE) · Academic Institution · West Lafayette
US university aerospace school — teaches and researches astronautics, propulsion, spacecraft dynamics and aeronautics in West Lafayette, Indiana.
- University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) · Academic Institution · Tullahoma
Graduate campus of the University of Tennessee next to Arnold AFB — research and education in aerospace, propulsion, hypersonics and space systems.
- USC Rocket Propulsion Laboratory (USCRPL) · Academic Institution · Los Angeles
Student rocketry lab at the University of Southern California — designs experimental rockets and was the first student team to reach space.
- William E. Boeing Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington · Academic Institution · Seattle
University of Washington engineering department researching spacecraft, space propulsion and plasma science, and training aerospace engineers.
Government Agency (4)
- Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) · Government Agency · Wright-Patterson AFB (Dayton)
US Department of the Air Force research lab — leads air and space science and technology, including space vehicles R&D, for the Air and Space Forces.
- FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) · Government Agency · Washington
US FAA office — licenses and regulates commercial launch, reentry and spaceport operations and promotes the US commercial space transportation industry.
- Maine Space Corporation (Maine Space Complex) · Government Agency · Brunswick
Maine public instrumentality created by state statute — develops the Maine Space Complex: launch sites, a data centre and innovation hub.
- White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) · Government Agency · White Sands Missile Range
US Army test range in New Mexico; its Launch Complex 36 is one of the primary launch sites of NASA's sounding rocket programme, run by the Navy's White Sands Detachment.
Research Institution (1)
- Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratories, Purdue University · Research Institution · West Lafayette
Purdue University propulsion laboratory — runs rocket, combustion, hypersonics and energetic-materials test facilities near Purdue Airport, Indiana.
Testing Facility (1)
- Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC) · Testing Facility · Arnold AFB
US Air Force flight-test complex at Arnold AFB — wind tunnels, rocket engine test cells and space environment chambers for aerospace and space systems.